TB

New Tests for Identifying Tuberculosis Infection
The tuberculosis species complex, comprising Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, and M. canettii, all cause tuberculosis, with M. tuberculosis being the primary pathogen in humans.

Adverse Effects of Anti-tuberculosis Chemotherapy
The issue of patients’ tolerance of anti-tuberculosis drugs is extremely important for treatment outcomes and as a consequence for tuberculosis (TB) control in general.

The Standardised Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Outcomes, Problems and Suggestions
The treatment of tuberculosis relies on two basic principles: rendering the patient rapidly noninfectious by decreasing the mycobacterial population in the patient; and eradicating the mycobacteria in order to prevent relapse.

Recent studies revealed that the ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for gamma interferon is a specific method for contact tracing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

• Quantitative T cell assay reflects infectious load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an endemic case contact model
• Large-scale evaluation of enzyme-linked immunospot assay and skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection against a gradient of exposure in The Gambia
• Rapid detection of active and latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-positive individuals by enumeration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cells
• ESAT-6/CFP-10 fusion protein and peptides for optimal diagnosis of mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by ex vivo enzyme-linked immunospot assay in the Gambia
• An in-house RD1-based enzyme-linked immunospot-gamma interferon assay instead of the tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

Tuberculosis is currently treated with a 6-month course regimen. During this time many patients might fail to adhere to treatment and default, increasing the risk of recurrent disease which might be multidrug resistant.

• ·The history of the development and changes of quinolone antibacterial agents
• Dual-action cephalosporins incorporating a 3'-tertiary-amine-linked quinolone
• Dual-action cephalosporins: cephalosporin 3'-quinolone carbamates
• Mechanisms of action of cephalosporin 3'-quinolone esters, carbamates, and tertiary amines in Escherichia coli
• Antibacterial activity of BMY-28142, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin

The purpose of this Phase II clinical trial is to establish whether pulmonary tuberculous lesions are hypoxic or contain hypoxic microenvironments using an in vivo hypoxia-imaging marker, Pimonidazole hydrochloride, in subjects undergoing lung resection surgery for treatment-refractory pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Current role of surgery in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
• Role of surgery in pulmonary tuberculosis
• Long-term outcomes and risk factor analysis after pneumonectomy for active and sequela forms of pulmonary tuberculosis
• Clinical profile and surgical outcome for pulmonary aspergilloma: a single center experience
• Current surgical intervention for pulmonary tuberculosis